Primary pleomorphic testicular and paratesticular sarcoma: case report and literature review

Abstract

Less than 1% of adult testicular neoplasms are testicular sarcomas, a rare subset of testicular tumours. Germ cell tumours like teratomas or spermatocytic seminomas are frequently the source of these cancers, which include primary testicular and paratesticular sarcomas. Despite their low incidence, proper diagnosis and management are crucial owing to their varied histopathological subtypes and differing prognostic outcomes. This case report describes a 44-year-old male presenting with a significant left scrotal mass later confirmed as sarcoma. Through surgical intervention and histopathological evaluation, the case highlights key clinical features, management strategies, and the role of adjunct therapies. A comprehensive review of current literature on testicular and paratesticular sarcomas is included to contextualize the rarity and complexity of this condition.