The anatomy, diagnosis and management of acute scaphoid fractures: An Overview

Abstract

Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone injury in young adults and remain a frequent cause of diagnostic uncertainty and delayed treatment. Missed fractures risk progression to nonunion and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC wrist), with long-term functional and economic consequences. This educational review outlines key anatomical considerations, clinical assessment, and the role of imaging in early diagnosis. We review contemporary evidence guiding the management of scaphoid fractures by anatomical location and displacement, including insights from the SWIFFT trial and current British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) guidance. Surgical and non-operative approaches are discussed, alongside evolving techniques such as arthroscopic-assisted fixation. Emphasis is placed on appropriate imaging, timely intervention, and shared decision-making to optimise outcomes and minimise complications.