Awareness of appendicitis, prevalence of appendicectomy, and postoperative complications in Quetta, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Appendicitis remains a common surgical emergency, yet delayed presentation and limited awareness contribute substantially to morbidity in low-resource settings. Public understanding of symptoms, treatment options, and complications plays a critical role in timely healthcare seeking and postoperative outcomes. This study evaluated awareness of appendicitis, prevalence of appendicectomy, and associated complications among patients attending a tertiary care outpatient department in Quetta, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sandeman Provincial Hospital from April to July 2024 using non-probability convenience sampling. Adults aged 18 years and above were recruited through face-to-face interviews after informed consent. A structured questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of appendicitis, knowledge of treatment, and postoperative outcomes. Associations were examined using the chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 384 participants were included, of whom 52.6% demonstrated overall awareness of appendicitis. Awareness was highest among individuals aged 18-30 years (56.6%). Education level showed a strong association with awareness, whereas age and gender were not significantly associated. Fifty-six participants reported prior appendicectomy, all performed using an open approach. Minor complications were reported by 50% of patients, while 30.4% experienced major complications, most commonly wound infection and abscess formation.

Conclusions: Awareness of appendicitis in this population remains limited and is strongly influenced by educational attainment. The exclusive use of open appendectomy and the notable burden of postoperative complications identifies the need for public education, improved surgical capacity, and strengthened health system resources to support early diagnosis and safer operative care.